Surface Area

Finding surface areas of 3D shapes

Surface Area

Rectangular Prism (Box)

SA=2lw+2lh+2whSA = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh

Or: SA=2(lw+lh+wh)SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)

Cube: SA=6s2SA = 6s^2

Cylinder

SA=2πr2+2πrhSA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi rh

  • 2πr22\pi r^2 = two circular bases
  • 2πrh2\pi rh = lateral (curved) surface

Lateral surface only: LA=2πrhLA = 2\pi rh

Sphere

SA=4πr2SA = 4\pi r^2

Memory aid: Same as dVdr\frac{dV}{dr} where V=43πr3V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3

Cone

SA=πr2+πrSA = \pi r^2 + \pi r\ell

where:

  • πr2\pi r^2 = circular base
  • πr\pi r\ell = lateral surface
  • \ell = slant height

To find slant height: =r2+h2\ell = \sqrt{r^2 + h^2} (Pythagorean theorem)

Pyramid

SA=B+12PSA = B + \frac{1}{2}P\ell

where:

  • BB = area of base
  • PP = perimeter of base
  • \ell = slant height

Strategy

  1. Identify all faces/surfaces
  2. Find area of each
  3. Add them up

📚 Practice Problems

1Problem 1easy

Question:

Find the surface area of a cube with side length 6 cm.

💡 Show Solution

Step 1: Recall cube surface area formula: SA = 6s² (six congruent square faces)

Step 2: Substitute s = 6: SA = 6(6)² SA = 6(36) SA = 216 cm²

Step 3: Alternative thinking: Area of one face = 6² = 36 cm² Total = 6 faces × 36 = 216 cm²

Answer: Surface area = 216 cm²

2Problem 2easy

Question:

Find the surface area of a cube with side length 4.

💡 Show Solution

A cube has 6 congruent square faces.

SA=6s2SA = 6s^2

SA=6(4)2SA = 6(4)^2

SA=6(16)SA = 6(16)

SA=96SA = 96

Answer: 96 square units

3Problem 3easy

Question:

A cylinder has a radius of 5 cm and height of 12 cm. Find its surface area.

💡 Show Solution

Step 1: Recall cylinder surface area formula: SA = 2πr² + 2πrh (two circular bases + lateral surface)

Step 2: Identify values: r = 5 cm, h = 12 cm

Step 3: Calculate area of two bases: 2πr² = 2π(5)² = 2π(25) = 50π cm²

Step 4: Calculate lateral (curved) surface area: 2πrh = 2π(5)(12) = 120π cm²

Step 5: Total surface area: SA = 50π + 120π SA = 170π cm²

Step 6: Approximate: SA ≈ 170 × 3.14159 ≈ 534.07 cm²

Answer: Surface area = 170π cm² (≈ 534.07 cm²)

4Problem 4medium

Question:

Find the surface area of a cylinder with radius 3 and height 8.

💡 Show Solution

Use SA=2πr2+2πrhSA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi rh:

SA=2π(3)2+2π(3)(8)SA = 2\pi(3)^2 + 2\pi(3)(8)

SA=2π(9)+2π(24)SA = 2\pi(9) + 2\pi(24)

SA=18π+48πSA = 18\pi + 48\pi

SA=66πSA = 66\pi

Answer: 66π66\pi (or approximately 207.3) square units

5Problem 5medium

Question:

Find the surface area of a rectangular prism with length 8 m, width 5 m, and height 3 m.

💡 Show Solution

Step 1: Recall the formula: SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)

Step 2: Identify dimensions: l = 8 m, w = 5 m, h = 3 m

Step 3: Calculate each face area: lw = 8 × 5 = 40 m² lh = 8 × 3 = 24 m² wh = 5 × 3 = 15 m²

Step 4: Sum and multiply by 2: SA = 2(40 + 24 + 15) SA = 2(79) SA = 158 m²

Step 5: Alternative method (6 faces): Top/Bottom: 2(8 × 5) = 80 m² Front/Back: 2(8 × 3) = 48 m² Left/Right: 2(5 × 3) = 30 m² Total: 80 + 48 + 30 = 158 m²

Answer: Surface area = 158 m²

6Problem 6medium

Question:

A cone has a radius of 6 cm and a slant height of 10 cm. Find its surface area.

💡 Show Solution

Step 1: Recall cone surface area formula: SA = πr² + πrl where r is radius and l is slant height

Step 2: Identify values: r = 6 cm, l = 10 cm

Step 3: Calculate base area: πr² = π(6)² = 36π cm²

Step 4: Calculate lateral surface area: πrl = π(6)(10) = 60π cm²

Step 5: Total surface area: SA = 36π + 60π SA = 96π cm²

Step 6: Approximate: SA ≈ 96 × 3.14159 ≈ 301.59 cm²

Step 7: Note: If given height instead of slant height, use: l = √(r² + h²)

Answer: Surface area = 96π cm² (≈ 301.59 cm²)

7Problem 7hard

Question:

A cone has radius 5 and height 12. Find the surface area.

💡 Show Solution

Step 1: Find slant height using Pythagorean theorem

=r2+h2\ell = \sqrt{r^2 + h^2} =52+122\ell = \sqrt{5^2 + 12^2} =25+144\ell = \sqrt{25 + 144} =169=13\ell = \sqrt{169} = 13

Step 2: Calculate surface area

SA=πr2+πrSA = \pi r^2 + \pi r\ell SA=π(5)2+π(5)(13)SA = \pi(5)^2 + \pi(5)(13) SA=25π+65πSA = 25\pi + 65\pi SA=90πSA = 90\pi

Answer: 90π90\pi (or approximately 282.7) square units

8Problem 8hard

Question:

A sphere has a radius of 7 cm. Find its surface area.

💡 Show Solution

Step 1: Recall sphere surface area formula: SA = 4πr²

Step 2: Substitute r = 7: SA = 4π(7)² SA = 4π(49) SA = 196π cm²

Step 3: Approximate: SA ≈ 196 × 3.14159 ≈ 615.75 cm²

Step 4: Interesting fact: The surface area of a sphere equals the lateral surface area of a cylinder with the same radius and height equal to the diameter (2r)

Cylinder lateral area = 2πr(2r) = 4πr² ✓

Answer: Surface area = 196π cm² (≈ 615.75 cm²)